Energetic Use of Biomethane in Brazil

Abstract

Biomethane is a renewable energy source with great strategic potential for Brazil’s energy transition, especially due to its compatibility with the natural gas infrastructure. Produced through anaerobic digestion of organic residues, biogas mainly contains methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). After purification, the resulting biomethane reaches a methane concentration of 90–98%, making it suitable for injection into gas distribution networks or use in transportation, industry, and residential sectors. This study aims to analyze the potential, challenges, and opportunities of biomethane in Brazil, considering its contribution to the decarbonization of the energy matrix and the sustainable use of organic waste. The research adopts an exploratory and descriptive approach, based on a bibliographic and documentary review of scientific publications, institutional reports, and updated sectoral data. The results indicate that biomethane, in addition to reducing dependence on fossil fuels, contributes to waste management and the generation of carbon credits. As an advance over the current state of the art, this study systematizes recent data on production, public policies, and practical applications of biomethane in Brazil, highlighting its growing role in the national energy transition.